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.TH WCSTRING 3C "Aug 15, 2014"
.SH NAME
wcstring, wcscat, wscat, wcsncat, wsncat, wcscmp, wscmp, wcsncmp, wsncmp,
wcscpy, wscpy, wcsncpy, wsncpy, wslen, wcschr, wschr, wcsrchr, wsrchr,
windex, wrindex, wcspbrk, wspbrk, wcswcs, wcsspn, wsspn, wcscspn, wscspn,
wcstok, wstok \- wide-character string operations
.SH SYNOPSIS
.LP
.nf
#include <wchar.h>

\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwcscat\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwcsncat\fR(\fBwchar_t *restrict\fR \fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *restrict\fR \fIws2\fR,
     \fBsize_t\fR \fIn\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBint\fR \fBwcscmp\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBint\fR \fBwcsncmp\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR, \fBsize_t\fR \fIn\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwcscpy\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwcsncpy\fR(\fBwchar_t *restrict\fR \fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *restrict\fR \fIws2\fR,
     \fBsize_t\fR \fIn\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwcschr\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR, \fBwchar_t\fR \fIwc\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwcsrchr\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR, \fBwchar_t\fR \fIwc\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwcspbrk\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwcswcs\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBsize_t\fR \fBwcsspn\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBsize_t\fR \fBwcscspn\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.SS "XPG4, SUS, SUSv2, SUSv3"
.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwcstok\fR(\fBwchar_t *restrict\fR \fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *restrict\fR \fIws2\fR);
.fi

.SS "Default and other standards"
.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwcstok\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR, \fBwchar_t **\fR\fIptr\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
#include <widec.h>

\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwscat\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwsncat\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR, \fBsize_t\fR \fIn\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBint\fR \fBwscmp\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBint\fR \fBwsncmp\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR, \fBsize_t\fR \fIn\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwscpy\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwsncpy\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR, \fBsize_t\fR \fIn\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBsize_t\fR \fBwslen\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwschr\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR, \fBwchat_t\fR \fIwc\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwsrchr\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR, \fBwchat_t\fR \fIwc\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwspbrk\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBsize_t\fR \fBwsspn\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBsize_t\fR \fBwscspn\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwstok\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwindex\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR, \fBwchar_t\fR \fIwc\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *\fR\fBwrindex\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR, \fBwchar_t\fR \fIwc\fR);
.fi

.SS "ISO C++"
.LP
.nf
#include <wchar.h>

\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fBwcschr\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR, \fBwchar_t\fR \fIwc\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fBwcspbrk\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fBwcsrchr\fR(\fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR, \fBwchar_t\fR \fIwc\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
#include <cwchar>

\fBwchar_t *std::\fR\fBwcschr\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR, \fBwchar_t\fR \fIwc\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *std::\fR\fBwcspbrk\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws1\fR, \fBconst wchar_t *\fR\fIws2\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBwchar_t *std::\fR\fBwcsrchr\fR(\fBwchar_t *\fR\fIws\fR, \fBwchar_t\fR \fIwc\fR);
.fi

.SH DESCRIPTION
.LP
These functions operate on wide-character strings terminated by \fBwchar_t\fR
\fINULL\fR characters. During appending or copying, these routines do not check
for an overflow condition of the receiving string. In the following, \fIws\fR,
\fIws1\fR, and \fIws2\fR point to wide-character strings terminated by a
\fBwchar_t NULL\fR.
.SS "wcscat(\|), wscat(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcscat()\fR and \fBwscat()\fR functions append a copy of the
wide-character string pointed to by \fIws2\fR (including the terminating null
wide-character code) to the end of the wide-character string pointed to by
\fIws1\fR. The initial wide-character code of \fIws2\fR overwrites the null
wide-character code at the end of \fIws1\fR. If copying takes place between
objects that overlap, the behavior is undefined. Both functions return
\fIs1\fR; no return value is reserved to indicate an error.
.SS "wcsncat(\|), wsncat(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcsncat()\fR and \fBwsncat()\fR functions append not more than \fIn\fR
wide-character codes (a null wide-character code and wide-character codes that
follow it are not appended) from the array pointed to by \fIws2\fR to the end
of the wide-character string pointed to by \fIws1\fR. The initial
wide-character code of \fIws2\fR overwrites the null wide-character code at the
end of \fIws1\fR. A terminating null wide-character code is always appended to
the result. Both functions return \fIws1\fR; no return value is reserved to
indicate an error.
.SS "wcscmp(\|), wscmp(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcscmp()\fR and \fBwscmp()\fR functions compare the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIws1\fR to the wide-character string pointed to by
\fIws2\fR. The sign of a non-zero return value is determined by the sign of the
difference between the values of the first pair of wide-character codes that
differ in the objects being compared. Upon completion, both functions return an
integer greater than, equal to, or less than zero, if the wide-character string
pointed to by \fIws1\fR is greater than, equal to, or less than the
wide-character string pointed to by \fIws2\fR.
.SS "wcsncmp(\|), wsncmp(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcsncmp()\fR and \fBwsncmp()\fR functions compare not more than \fIn\fR
wide-character codes (wide-character codes that follow a null wide character
code are not compared) from the array pointed to by \fIws1\fR to the array
pointed to by \fIws2\fR. The sign of a non-zero return value is determined by
the sign of the difference between the values of the first pair of
wide-character codes that differ in the objects being compared. Upon successful
completion, both functions return an integer greater than, equal to, or less
than zero, if the possibly null-terminated array pointed to by \fIws1\fR is
greater than, equal to, or less than the possibly null-terminated array pointed
to by \fIws2\fR.
.SS "wcscpy(\|), wscpy(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcscpy()\fR and \fBwscpy()\fR functions copy the wide-character string
pointed to by \fIws2\fR (including the terminating null wide-character code)
into the array pointed to by \fIws1\fR. If copying takes place between objects
that overlap, the behavior is undefined. Both functions return \fIws1\fR; no
return value is reserved to indicate an error.
.SS "wcsncpy(\|), wsncpy(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcsncpy()\fR and \fBwsncpy()\fR functions  copy not more than \fIn\fR
wide-character codes (wide-character codes that follow a null wide character
code are not copied) from the array pointed to by \fIws2\fR to the array
pointed to by \fIws1\fR. If copying takes place between objects that overlap,
the behavior is undefined. If the array pointed to by \fIws2\fR is a
wide-character string that is shorter than \fIn\fR wide-character codes, null
wide-character codes are appended to the copy in the array pointed to by
\fIws1\fR, until a total \fIn\fR wide-character codes are written. Both
functions return \fI ws1\fR; no return value is reserved to indicate an error.
.SS "wslen(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwslen()\fR function computes the number of
wide-character codes in the wide-character string to which \fIws\fR points, not
including the terminating null wide-character code. It returns
\fIws\fR; no return value is reserved to indicate an error.
.SS "wcschr(\|), wschr(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcschr()\fR and \fBwschr()\fR functions locate the first occurrence of
\fIwc\fR in the wide-character string pointed to by \fIws\fR. The value of
\fIwc\fR must be a character representable as a type \fBwchar_t\fR and must be
a wide-character code corresponding to a valid character in the current locale.
The terminating null wide-character code is considered to be part of the
wide-character string. Upon completion, both functions return a pointer to the
wide-character code, or a null pointer if the wide-character code is not found.
.SS "wcsrchr(\|), wsrchr(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcsrchr()\fR and \fBwsrchr()\fR functions locate the last occurrence of
\fIwc\fR in the wide-character string pointed to by \fIws\fR. The value of
\fIwc\fR must be a character representable as a type \fBwchar_t\fR and must be
a wide-character code corresponding to a valid character in the current locale.
The terminating null wide-character code is considered to be part of the
wide-character string. Upon successful completion, both functions return a
pointer to the wide-character code, or a null pointer if \fIwc\fR does not
occur in the wide-character string.
.SS "windex(\|), wrindex(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwindex()\fR and \fBwrindex()\fR functions behave the same as
\fBwschr()\fR and \fBwsrchr()\fR, respectively.
.SS "wcspbrk(\|), wspbrk(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcspbrk()\fR and \fBwspbrk()\fR functions locate the first occurrence in
the wide character string pointed to by \fIws1\fR of any wide-character code
from the wide-character string pointed to by \fIws2\fR. Upon successful
completion, the function returns a pointer to the wide-character code, or a
null pointer if no wide-character code from \fIws2\fR occurs in \fIws1\fR.
.SS "wcswcs(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcswcs()\fR function locates the first occurrence in the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIws1\fR of the sequence of wide-character codes
(excluding the terminating null wide-character code) in the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIws2\fR. Upon successful completion, the function
returns a pointer to the located wide-character string, or a null pointer if
the wide-character string is not found. If \fIws2\fR points to a wide-character
string with zero length, the function returns \fIws1\fR.
.SS "wcsspn(\|), wsspn(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcsspn()\fR and \fBwsspn()\fR functions compute the length of the
maximum initial segment of the wide-character string pointed to by \fIws1\fR
which consists entirely of wide-character codes from the wide-character string
pointed to by \fIws2\fR. Both functions return the length \fIws1\fR; no return
value is reserved to indicate an error.
.SS "wcscspn(\|), wscspn(\|)"
.LP
The \fBwcscspn()\fR and \fBwscspn()\fR functions compute the length of the
maximum initial segment of the wide-character string pointed to by \fIws1\fR
which consists entirely of wide-character codes \fInot\fR from the
wide-character string pointed to by \fIws2\fR. Both functions return the length
of the initial substring of \fIws1\fR; no return value is reserved to indicate
an error.
.SS "wcstok(\|), wstok(\|)"
.LP
A sequence of calls to the \fBwcstok()\fR and \fBwstok()\fR functions break the
wide-character string pointed to by \fIws1\fR into a sequence of tokens, each
of which is delimited by a wide-character code from the wide-character string
pointed to by \fIws2\fR.
.SS "Default and other standards"
.LP
The third argument points to a caller-provided \fBwchar_t\fR pointer into which
the \fBwcstok()\fR function stores information necessary for it to continue
scanning the same wide-character string. This argument is not available with
the XPG4 and SUS versions of \fBwcstok()\fR, nor is it available with the
\fBwstok()\fR function.  See \fBstandards\fR(7).
.LP
The first call in the sequence has \fIws1\fR as its first argument, and is
followed by calls with a null pointer as their first argument. The separator
string pointed to by \fIws2\fR may be different from call to call.
.LP
The first call in the sequence searches the wide-character string pointed to by
\fIws1\fR for the first wide-character code that is \fInot\fR contained in the
current separator string pointed to by \fIws2\fR. If no such wide-character
code is found, then there are no tokens in the wide-character string pointed to
by \fIws1\fR, and \fBwcstok()\fR and \fBwstok()\fR return a null pointer. If
such a wide-character code is found, it is the start of the first token.
.LP
The \fBwcstok()\fR and \fBwstok()\fR functions then search from that point for
a wide-character code that \fIis\fR contained in the current separator string.
If no such wide-character code is found, the current token extends to the end
of the wide-character string pointed to by \fIws1\fR, and subsequent searches
for a token will return a null pointer. If such a wide-character code is found,
it is overwritten by a null wide character, which terminates the current token.
The \fBwcstok()\fR and \fBwstok()\fR functions save a pointer to the following
wide-character code, from which the next search for a token will start.
.LP
Each subsequent call, with a null pointer as the value of the first argument,
starts searching from the saved pointer and behaves as described above.
.LP
Upon successful completion, both functions return a pointer to the first
wide-character code of a token. Otherwise, if there is no token, a null pointer
is returned.
.SH ATTRIBUTES
.LP
See \fBattributes\fR(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
.sp

.sp
.TS
box;
c | c
l | l .
ATTRIBUTE TYPE	ATTRIBUTE VALUE
_
CSI	Enabled
_
Interface Stability	See NOTES.
_
MT-Level	MT-Safe
.TE

.SH SEE ALSO
.LP
.BR malloc (3C),
.BR string (3C),
.BR wcscasecmp (3C),
.BR wcsdup (3C),
.BR wcslen (3C),
.BR wcswidth (3C),
.BR wcwidth (3C),
.BR attributes (7),
.BR standards (7)
.SH NOTES
.LP
The \fBwcscat()\fR, \fBwcsncat()\fR, \fBwcscmp()\fR, \fBwcsncmp()\fR,
\fBwcscpy()\fR, \fBwcsncpy()\fR, \fBwcschr()\fR,
\fBwcsrchr()\fR, \fBwcspbrk()\fR, \fBwcswcs()\fR, \fBwcsspn()\fR,
\fBwcscspn()\fR, and \fBwcstok()\fR functions are Standard. The \fBwscat()\fR,
\fBwsncat()\fR, \fBwscmp()\fR, \fBwsncmp()\fR, \fBwscpy()\fR, \fBwsncpy()\fR,
\fBwslen()\fR, \fBwschr()\fR, \fBwsrchr()\fR, \fBwspbrk()\fR, \fBwsspn()\fR,
\fBwstok()\fR, \fBwindex()\fR, and \fBwrindex()\fR functions are Stable.
